Introduction As global health priorities evolve, andrology is positioned to play a central role in addressing men’s health disparities. Increasing life expectancy, environmental challenges, and changing lifestyles necessitate a proactive approach to male reproductive and hormonal health. Preventive Andrology and Public Health Preventive stra

Introduction Technological advancements have significantly enhanced the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of andrology. Modern tools allow precise evaluation of male reproductive function at molecular, cellular, and genetic levels, improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment success. Advanced Diagnostic Techniques Beyond conventional sem

Introduction Male reproductive and sexual health cannot be fully understood without considering psychological and neuroendocrine influences. Emotional well-being, stress regulation, and mental health significantly affect hormonal balance and sexual function. Andrology integrates these dimensions to deliver holistic patient care. Stress and Horm

Introduction Environmental and lifestyle factors exert profound effects on male reproductive health. Modern industrialization, environmental pollution, sedentary behavior, and psychosocial stress have contributed to a global decline in male fertility parameters. Andrology examines these influences to understand risk factors and develop preventive

Introduction Andrology is the branch of medicine that specializes in male reproductive health, encompassing fertility, sexual function, and hormonal regulation. As scientific understanding of male physiology advances, andrology has become increasingly important in addressing conditions that significantly affect male quality of life and reproductiv